Diabetes mellitus is a scourge of the 21st century.This endocrine disease of the pancreas, leads to damage to all organs.Most of all the kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels suffer.Types of diabetes - insulin -dependent and insulinthrous.The first species are more likely to suffer from children and young people under 30 years old, it is transmitted with the genes by inheritance.In this case, one cannot achieve the desired standard of living without constant introduction of insulins.An insulin pump is best coped with this task.Type 2 diabetes are found in middle -aged and elderly people with increased body weight.
In this article, we will consider the differences between diabetes of the 1st and 2nd types.
Features of type 1 diabetes
The main mechanism for the development of the disease is the lack of insulin.This is a peptide hormone of the pancreas, produced by special beta cells of the islets of Langerganes.Its main function is to ensure glucose entering the cell.Glucose is the main energy material, without it, life is impossible.In the first type of diabetes, sugar circulates in the blood, but is not able to get into the cell.Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is simple, based on the determination of glucose in the blood.With an increase in its level, you can make an appropriate diagnosis.Due to the need for patients to constantly take therapy, this diabetes is called insulin-dependent.
The causes of cell destruction that produce insulin are not very well studied.The most common autoimmune lesion mechanism is found when their own immune cells attack the pancreas.Throughout life, all cells will be destroyed.The only method of treatment is substitution therapy with insulins.
Types of diabetes is easy to distinguish from each other.
Type 1 disease is inherited.Therefore, it begins to manifest itself at an early age.The vast majority of patients are detected up to 30 years.Debuts the disease sharply, serious symptoms develop in a short time.Cases are not rare when diabetes of the first type manifests itself in a coma>.
Other characteristic symptoms include:
- unbearable thirst;
- increased appetite;
- dry mouth;
- enhanced urination, including at night;
- pronounced weight loss;
- skin itching;
- pronounced weakness;
- sweating;
- vision of vision.
Features of type 2 diabetes
It occurs with a constantly high intake of glucose into the body.In the vast majority of cases develops in patients with obesity.The mechanism of the disease is different, the cells of the body either do not perceive glucose or do not perceive insulin.This is due to a violation of metabolism that occurs during obesity.
For a long time the disease does not appear.Then, patients have symptoms - for a long time non -healing wounds and cuts, dry mouth, visual impairment, long -flowing thrush.
Type 2 diabetes is dangerous with severe complications:
- Visual violation up to blindness;
- reduction of kidney function;
- development of trophic ulcers;
- damage to the heart muscle;
- Frequent and protracted infections.
The spectrum of target organs is wide because excess glucose affects blood vessels.That is, all organs and tissues are affected to varying degrees.
Diagnosis of the disease is common for diabetes 1 and 2 types.
We examined the differences between the 1st and 2nd types of diabetes.What do these diseases have in common?
Despite the types of diabetes, the diagnosis is the same.The main test is the determination of glucose in the blood.Normally, this indicator does not exceed 5.5 mmol/l.Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when the glucose level exceeds 6.1 mmol/l.The intermediate result is not regarded as a disease.Sugar increase sometimes with colds, injuries, stressful situations, non -compliance with the patient with the rules for the test, taking some drugs.In such cases, it is worth repeating the analysis after a few weeks.
In addition to determining blood glucose, other diagnostic methods are also used:
- determination of glycated hemoglobin;
- determination of glucose and acetone in the urine;
- Determination of C-peptide.
In the conditions of scientific centers, in order to distinguish the types of diabetes among themselves, in controversial cases use the identification of genes responsible for the development of hereditary diabetes.
Differences between the 1st and 2nd types of diabetes
The beginning of diabetes
Types of diabetes differ in the onset of the disease.Hereditary diabetes develops suddenly, in young and thin people, it proceeds heavily, requires emergency assistance.
Type 2 diabetes develops slowly, in older people with an excess body weight, does not require urgent intervention.
Insulin reception
It is necessary to treat diabetes of type 1 and 2.The difference in their treatment is huge.
Treatment of insulin -dependent type is mandatory.How long the patient will live without complications will live on properly selected insulin therapy.Patients should study in special schools in diabetes in order to study their illness, learn to live fully.
The approach to the therapy of the acquired diabetes is completely different.Only with prolonged heavy type 2 diabetes, after using the entire arsenal of tablets, diabetics are prescribed insulins.
In the modern world, diabetes are not sentenced, patients live to old age, can give birth to children.The spectrum of professions that diabetics can master are very wide.
With the first identified diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, patients are hospitalized for the selection of insulin doses.After discharge, the diabetic himself controls his diet, the level of glycemia and insulin injections.You should not be limited to food.The dose of the drug should correspond to the amount of glucose in food.There are bread units to measure it.This is a measurement of sugar content in different types of food.In accordance with the number of eating bread units, the patient must inject the equivalent dose of insulin in order to avoid coma.
Life
With the first type of diabetes of the second type, the main emphasis is on proper nutrition.The patient is forbidden to eat sweet, flour, sweet fruits, juices, some cereals.If the blood sugar is not achieved by changing the nutrition, sugar -lowering drugs are prescribed.
The identification of congenital diabetes involves a cardinal change in lifestyle.Now the patient is tied to a vital dose of insulin.Refusal of treatment means death.
Prevention
In addition to treatment, the difference in two types of diabetes is the possibility of prevention.It is impossible to prevent diabetes of the first type.But type 2 diabetes is not only possible, but also necessary.Obesity, lack of motor activity, abuse of sweet leads to the disease.